The Philosophy Of Psychology Is Defined As The Scientific...

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of the human mind and behavior. It was established as a separate discipline during the late 1800s and can be taken back to the time of the ancient Greeks. From around 500BC to 322 BC, Greek philosophers suggested a theory of â€Å"psyche† that is where the word psychology comes from. This meaning the mind, soul and spirit. The Pythagoras, Hippocrates, Socrates, Plato and Aristotle were some of the most influential philosophers of their time. However, due to the uncertainty of truth in these theories, they ended up being the foundations relating to psychological thought. However, throughout the 17th century, the advancement of psychology has exceeded into its own discipline along with the establishment of the six schools of thought. Before psychology had been established as a separate discipline, it first originated from a philosophy, where philosophers relied strictly on observation and logic. However, psychologists then began to put to use scientific methodologies that brought about standardized explanations behind the causes of human behavior. Rene Descartes, a French philosopher, brought forth the idea of dualism in his work. Some of his works being ‘Discourse on method’ (1637) and ‘The mediations’ (1641). It claims of the mind and the body being of two separate entities that come together to create the human experience. During the 18th century, the first psychological laboratory was established in Leipzig, Germany by WilhelmShow MoreRelatedPsychology And The Human Soul998 Words   |  4 Pages1. Psychology exists in several different forms. Name and briefly describe them. Also, give an example of each. Psychology is known for studying the behavior and mind; trying to understand the human mind in its conscious and unconscious state. The thoughts in our conscious not only affect our behavior but it allows or prohibits certain actions; for example, a person who has an emotional attraction to someone is less likely to lie to them. However, they’re three noted forms in psychology suchRead More The Development of Psychology Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesThe Development of Psychology Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and the mind. This definition implies three things. The first is that psychology is a science, a field that can be studied through objective methods of observation and experimentation. The second is that it is the study of behavior, animal activity that can be observed and measured. And the third is that it is the study of the mind, the conscious and unconscious mental states that cannot be seen but inferredRead MoreEmergence of Psychology Through Aristotles Definition and Theories on the Psychà ª956 Words   |  4 PagesHergenhahn (2009) the philosophers De Anima plays a major part of psychology because it is considered to be the first text on the history of psychology. It is within that book, Aristotle seek to define the mind and the soul: psychà ª. He later based his theories involving psychology based on his definition of psychà ª. In order to develop his own definition of the mind and the soul, Aristotle brought fort h the idea of empirical studies of behavior as evidence upon his theories. Not only that, he instilled theRead MoreSchool of Thoughts in Psychology1604 Words   |  7 PagesMajor Schools of Thought in  Psychology When psychology was first established as a science separate from biology and philosophy, the debate over how to describe and explain the human mind and behavior began. The first school of thought, structuralism, was advocated by the founder of the first psychology lab, Wilhelm Wundt. Almost immediately, other theories began to emerge and vie for dominance in psychology. The following are some of the major schools of thought that have influenced our knowledgeRead MoreDiscuss Reasons for the Increased Interest in Cognitive Psychology and the Decline in Behavioristt Approach, in Addition Describe the Field of Cognitive Science Noting the Discipline That Are Included in This Field.1302 Words   |  6 PagesINCREASED INTEREST IN COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY AND THE DECLINE OF BEHAVIORIST APPROACH ,IN ADDITION DESCRIBE THE FIELD OF COGNITIVE SCIENCE NOTING THE DISCIPLINE THAT ARE INCLUDED IN THE THIS FIELD. Behaviorism also called learning perspective is defined by Wikipedia ‘ as a philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things that organisms do-including acting , thinking, and feeling can and should be regarded as behaviors and that psychological disordersRead MorePsychology : Psychology And Psychology1519 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology has been defined by many as the study of mental disorder or behavioral problems but discoveries and developments, points to psychology as the study of human mind and its functionality which includes the way we think, act, perceive things and be able to make decisions; all these makes man a complex being. Psychology isn’t just a phenomenon; it is a scientific study. Psychology as a science answers the question â€Å"why†, proposes a theory and sets experiment to test the hypothesis. The researchRead MoreFoundation of Psychology773 Words   |  4 PagesFoundation of Psychology Psychology is the study of human behavior and mind. According to Psychology: The Study of Mental Processes and Behavior defined psychology as the scientific investigation of mental processes (thinking, remembering, feeling, etc.) and behavior. Psychology alone has more than one basic foundation. Psychology can be as broad as biology and as detailed as philosophy, because it includes humans who are very complex in nature. Psychology involves more than how people act;Read MoreEvolution of Cognitive Psychology1054 Words   |  5 Pagesof Cognitive Psychology Cognitive psychology is defined as â€Å"the scientific study of mental processes† (Riegler Riegler 2008, p. 1). During the 1960s, cognitive psychology became an emerging presence in the field of psychology. During this time period, attention to the study of â€Å"how internal states, such as thoughts, feelings, and moods influence behavior† (Cherry 2010, p. 12). Cognitive psychology studies how individuals think, comprehend language, and form beliefs. Human development involvesRead MoreFriedrich Weber s Theory Of Psychology893 Words   |  4 PagesPSYCHOLOGY Psychology is defined as the study of thought and behavior. A substantial amount of people believes that psychology is not a specific scientific discipline. Social sciences study humans as individuals or as groups. The scientific method subsists of five processes, which include observation, prediction, testing, interpretation, and communication. Ernst Weber was born 1795 and died 1878, was one of the first developers who planned an approach and prepared for what was accepted inRead MoreHow Psychology Is The Scientific Study Of Behavior And Mental Processes849 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is psychology? The definition of psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. There are three key terms in the definition of psychology – science, behavior, and mental process. Psychology uses systematic methods to observe human behavior and draw conclusions. Behavior is anything that we do that is visible by another person, and mental processes are the thoughts and feelings that we experience but that are not noticeable by another person. For thousands of years, people

Child Labor Essay - 998 Words

Status of Child Labor Practices and Minimum Age for Employment The statutory minimum age for employment of children is 15 years, although children between the ages of 13 and 15 years may work in certain jobs outside of school hours. The law restricts employment of those under the age of 18, for example, by prohibiting night shift or overtime work. Education to the top Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, male 99.6 Youth (15-24 years) literacy rate (%) 2008-2012*, female 99.7 Number per 100 population 2012, mobile phones 103.4 Number per 100 population 2012, Internet users 74 Pre-primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008 -2012*, male 86.7 Pre-primary school participation, Gross enrolment ratio (%) 2008†¦show more content†¦During the years leading up to World War II, economic, trade and cultural relations between Latvia and the U.S. flourished, and the two countries consolidated their diplomatic relations, signing several bilateral agreements. In response to the Soviet Union’s illegal occupation of the three Baltic countries in June 1940, U.S. Under Secretary of State Sumner Wells issued a strongly worded declaration on July 23, 1940, which set the course of U.S.-Baltic relations for the next fifty years – namely, the United States’ steadfast refusal to recognize the Soviet annexation of the Baltic countries. The U.S.-based diplomatic representatives of the Baltic countries continued to enjoy full diplomatic recognition by the United States until the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, at which point the U.S. officially recognized the governments of the again independent Baltic countries. Notably, the Legation of Latvia in Washington was the only Latvian foreign mission that functioned continually throughout the years of Soviet occupation, thereby reminding the international community of the Latvian Government’s continued de jure legal existence. As Latvia’s pro-independence movement gained momentum in the late 1980s, the U.S. State Department cooperated closely with Latvia’s diplomatic representatives in Washington, leading to the first unofficial contacts between the U.S. and Latvia’s transitional government in 1990. Latvia formally regainedShow MoreRelated Child Labor Essay2301 Words   |  10 PagesChild Labor Child labor has been around for long time and it still exists in todays world. Thiskind of labor provides problems or difficulties in the economic world. Child labor is social problem with the rise of industrial production and capitalism. It appeared in earlier ages in agricultural societies when the children all around the world had to work along with 19th century, spreading to many countries. The problems started when many children, younger than ten years old, were employedRead MoreChild Labor Essay2202 Words   |  9 Pagesrushing carts. (Child labor, 1) Child labor through out history has been proven to affect child. Many things have happened in the past, which ruined the lives of children when they became older. Through time society has done many thing to help prevent child labor. In the U.S. laws have been created to stop companies from underpaying their young employees, making sure they arent hired too young, and to make sure their work is safe. Through time America has lowered the child labor rate, but in todaysRead MoreChild Labor Industrialization Essay1537 Words   |  7 Pagesthat they should be protected. However, those people believed in a child s capacity to change the world in the future. While people in the past saw children as a way to change the world while they were children. In the late seventeenth century, industrialization arose in England ushering in a new era of industry in our world. More industry means more workers, including children. With the rise of industrialization in a nation, child laborers are viciously abused due to their niche roles in productionRead MoreThe Problem of Child Labor Essay3155 Words   |  13 Pagesthen or not, he was also bringing a new connotation and worldwide innuendo to the term child labor. Child labor, is a term that will probably never be clearly defined. The World Book Encyclopedia states it to be simply the employment of children (defined as people under the age of 18) as wage earners. There is nothing grossly inhumane in the relatively fair and articulate definition. Yet, in her Child Labor: Then and Now , Laura Greene claims it is the abuse and misuse of children at work.Read MoreChild Labor Policy Essay2637 Words   |  11 PagesIntroduction Since the beginning of time, child labor has been a very complex issue in the United States. â€Å"Child labor refers to work that impedes children’s access to education and is harmful to their physical, mental, moral, developmental, and social well-being† (Schmitz, Traver, Larson, Pieris, 2004, p. 1). Exploitation from cruel to harmful is considered and reported as child labor. A child is a person under eighteen years of age, according to the Rights of the Child convention of 1989 (Schmitz et alRead MoreChild Labor Reform Movement Essay1820 Words   |  8 Pagessome individuals to question whether child labor was right. The growing sense that this new industrial child labor might be wrong developed a reform movement. The National Child Labor Committee was an idea that came from Florence Kelley and Lillian Wald of New York’s Henry Street Settlement. The National Child Labor Committee task was to investigate child labor and its related problems. The photographer , Lewis Wickes Hine, was hired by the National Child Labor Committee to field studies and photographRead MoreEssay Child Labor During The Industrial Revolution969 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the 18 and beginning of the 19th century in certain regions of the U.S child labor made up more than 40 percent of the population (Wolensky). That’s almost half of the working population. Since the beginning of time children have always been known to help their families with domestic tasks. Most of these kids worked in factories because they were easy to control and paid less than adults. Kids earned less than half of what adults made in the work force. In these factories they usually cleanedRead More Child Labor Essay1039 Words   |  5 Pages Child Labor nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Child Labor, refers to the economically active population under the age of fifteen years old, who are employed in various industries (Grootaert, 2). Recently, child labor has become a large topic of debate; however, in most cases, it is very unfavorable. The perception that globalization is leading towards the exploitation of children, is becoming an important problem for international business. In my opinion, child labor should be eradicated. It is notRead MoreEssay On Child Labor1679 Words   |  7 PagesChild labor was a staple during the Urbanization of the United States of America. Fresh out of a bloody Civil War that took the lives of at least 618,000. Child labor was very dangerous. Especially in the steel mills because of the lack of safety equipment. It was also very dangerous because the children laborers were very young for the jobs they were doing for such cheap pay. Anywhere between 12-16 years old. Since they were all very young they were not v ery strong. So due to them being weak, youngRead MoreChild Labor Essay960 Words   |  4 Pages Child Labor Child Labor steals the childhood from the children. I am interested in child labor research because I personally experience it. When I lived in Nepal, I worked in a nut factory, and I was only in the fifth grades due to the financial problem. Many kids worked in hotels, in the house, and polished shoes to survive and to support their family, and some of my friends carried loads in building construction. I am curious to know how poverty increases the child labor and how it affects children’s

Social Customs And Family Dynamics Of Australian Society - Samples

Question: Discuss about the Social Customs And Family Dynamics Of Australian Society. Answer: I am an international student, currently living in Australia. For the past one and half year, I have been staying in Australia to study for my degree course from a renowned Australian university. Just after arriving in the country I had already begun to notice some of the differences in the Australian culture from that of ours. In this essay, I will highlight my views regarding social customs and family dynamics of Australian society. I have observed Australia as a culturally diverse country. The people residing here have a very rich variety of customs, languages, and cultures (Gunson, 2016). Unlike American culture, there is no official religion of the Australian nation. Older people in the Australian community tend to believe in god and thus the religious institutions play a major role in societies. Whereas, most of the Americans believe in Christianity. The family structures in the Australian society are no longer the archetypal family type. With the increased number of divorces, remarriages, and step-relations, the family structure of Australia is no different than that of Americans. The stigma related to same-sex relations have decreased throughout these years and the society is experiencing more common-sex couples and families (Gomes et al., 2014). Though the structure of the traditional families in the Australian society is no more a realistic social standard, the concept of the family and family values still are fundamentally important to the people of Australia throughout their life. Another thing I liked about the Australian culture and families is the concept of Individualism.Australian families encourages their family members to follow their aspirations and dreams and become independent in their life despite the family wealth and supports. Children in the Australian society are taught to think themselves as unique and the values and norms of the social customs, family dynamics and attitudes are incorporated in them while they grow up (Luke, 2018). T he self-determining, self-reliant and responsible attitudes of the Australians make them truly unique and special before the world. I found out some of the cultural differences relating to social customs and family dynamics between the Australian and the Americas. American people do not tend to value their cultures and families like the Australians. People in America do encourage their children but there lays a huge lack in guidance and care form the elders of the family. The structure of the family and social attitudes varies widely from that of the Australians. People here are more generous, helpful and believe in family bonding and long-term relations unlike the American people. In this essay I will highlight my views regarding gender relationships, art and music of the Australian society. The concept of Gender plays a very important role in the family structure of the Australian communities (Kale Luke, 2017). Australian people believe in the concept of gender equality in the true sense and I have observed that gender does not dictate the role or the duty of a person in an Australian family. In our American culture, I have often seen that women are forced to stay back at home and look after the family. It is considered as the duty of a woman to do household chores and leave their job if the male partners do not approve it. In Australia, I have seen women enjoying equal opportunities to choose their way of contributing to their home. Women in the Australian society tend to get married and start their families after establishing a successful care for themselves (Banks, 2015). I have noticed that Australian couples commonly meet through social circles and netw orking websites. A lot number of my university friends found their partner from online dating apps which are on the rise these days.Coming from the country of America, I found out some of the cultural differences relating to arts, music and gender relationships between the Australian and the Americas. One of the unique features in the Australian world of music is the Indigenous Australian music (Olding, 2013). The young population has an immense craze for rock and popular music. Hip-hop, pun, and rock songs are the contemporary popular music among the Australian crowd. American music on the other hand is the roots music. The American music rules the global music industry and Hollywood. One of the most notable music cultures of America is the Jazz. Besides, American music platform includes a broad category of music like gospel, blues, country music, Cajun, jug bands and Native American music arts (Moran, Abramson Moran, 2014). Unlike Australian music, American music industry is popu lar throughout the world. In the context of arts, Australia is famous for their aboriginal paintings. I have observed some of the aboriginal arts which are painted in leaves, rock carvings and sand paintings. Beside this, colonial, landscape and atelier are some of the notable Australian art I observed till date. American arts on the other hand are more renowned for their visual artistry (Gomes, 2015). The collection of American arts represents cultural exchange and development. Mostly the paintings and sculptures were done on paper and canvas structures. American artists are the beginner of the watercolor paintings, patriotic art and modern art in the world. Students from all over the globe participate in the exhibitions of America. References Banks, J. A. (2015).Cultural diversity and education. Routledge. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/31056987/ze_2006_372.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1523006955Signature=ATIy2fGNZbxTwpglr%2BAk87Wmuv8%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DCultural_diversity_and_education.pdf Gomes, C. (2015). Negotiating everyday life in Australia: Unpacking the parallel society inhabited by Asian international students through their social networks and entertainment media use.Journal of Youth Studies,18(4), 515-536. Gomes, C., Berry, M., Alzougool, B., Chang, S. (2014). Home away from home: International students and their identity-based social networks in Australia.Journal of International Students,4(1), 2-15. Gunson, N. (2016). Traditional knowledge and invasive missionary culture: Australia and the South Pacific. Kale, J., Luke, A. (2017). Learning through difference: Cultural practices in early childhood language socialisation. InOne child, many worlds(pp. 11-29). Routledge. Luke, A. (2018). Critical literacy in Australia: A matter of context and standpoint. InCritical Literacy, Schooling, and Social Justice(pp. 186-206). Routledge. Moran, R. T., Abramson, N. R., Moran, S. V. (2014).Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Olding, A. (2013).An investigation of the social relationships and social interactions amongst international students studying in Australia: A case study using facebook(Doctoral dissertation, University of Tasmania).

Java Basic Principles & Features

Question: Discuss the principles, characteristics and features of programming in Java. Answer: Introduction: The report is about the designing a software solution for the university by that information of students can be kept and displayed. The insertion and deletion with update records as well. The report is started with basic principles of java and its features as well. The design solution is discussed to give overview of solution generation and implementation would explore while detailed structure with demonstration of modules individually. The test and documentation describes cases and user documentation. The software is based on java technology and designed on IDE. The Tool is also described with proper description and screenshots are attached with every activity step by step execution. The following point is about the java principles. Each one is described in its extent with example. Basic principles of java: Java is purely object oriented programming language and it follows majorly four principles inheritance, polymorphism, encapsulation etc. The main principles are discussed below: Encapsulation: Encapsulation is the principle of object oriented programming that enables binding of data with methods. It enables the data hiding feature and also provides security of data. It prevents unauthorized users to access the confidential information. It is implemented by using access specifires for example private, protected and public. The encapsulation is applied in java using classes; a class is the whole structure of program and binds the methods with data. Each class is represented by object and the class members can be accessed by this object only. Inheritance: Inheritance is the most powerful design principle of object oriented programming and it is described as inherit the functionality of parent class into its child class. The feature of extending functionalities of paternal class into child class increases the reusability of code. It is the most powerful feature in java and maximum used in coding. Without using inheritance in programming every object need to be described again and again. It saves time and space both while using single object in multiple places. Inheritance also uses encapsulation like subclass objects are bind with superclass objects. Polymorphism: Polymorphism is the capability to use one function in many forms. As the name suggests it self that poly means many and morph means forms. It helps to design generic interface grouped with components. The polymorphism can be implemented in two ways runtime and compile time. Runtime polymorphism is called overriding and compile time polymorphism is called overloading. Both the approaches are used to apply new definition to already declared functions. Overriding is applied by defining the function again. The characteristics and features of Java Programming Language Simple: Java programming is very easy to read as well as to write. Java has adhesive features in itself which make it easy to understand and to learn it. Java is a simple language for getting it as its concept is mostly taken from C++. Secure: Java is secure because it is not harmful for the other system in computer. Web application in java to access is much secure. It gives a secure way of creating an Internet application. Portable: Java supports all types of platform like Windows, Linux, and Mac. Throw internet java program can be easily transferred. Java can be also called as JVM as it is a run-time system and it can execute everywhere. Object-Oriented Programming Language: It provides the features somewhat like C++ i.e. Object Oriented. Java language can also be called as OOP. It is an Object Oriented Programming Language. Robust: Java is that type of programming language which is error free which help the user to work with it. Java is a user friendly programming language. Multithreaded: In the multithreaded programming it makes a link support. Multithreading is the feature that gives multiple program running simultaneously. The multithreading enables multi program running and one program can enable more than one thread. Interpreted: JVM help to interpret the bytes code. Interpretation of java code into byte code. Byte code consists of half machine code and half language. High performance: Faster execution takes place over here through JVM. Over here Byte code is enhance. Distributed: Java can be broadcast over internet. Java allocated with scattered environment. Dynamic: Java gives runtime information of a program and which can also be verified and solve easily. Java enables dynamic programming by run time polymorphism that is called overriding. JAVA RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT (JRE): Java runtime environment is the environment provided by java to run the code and it consist of two main components and they are java runtime machine and garbage collection. Java virtual machine is use to implement the language. The traditional compiler changes the high level language into class file and once the code is converted into class file it can be run on any machine. This makes java platform independent compile once run anywhere. Java virtual machine does the execution work and converts class file into executed file. Garbage collection: Garbage collection is the mechanism to allocate and reallocate memory space. In java automatic garbage collection is done to allocate memory. Garbage collector does the memory reallocation at the time of memory wastage. Java supports memory revocation at the time while memory leak. Therefore there is no memory leakage in java. Automatic garbage collection is supported in java. Java design solution: The given scenario is based on student information record. The student information should be inserted, updated, deleted and displayed. The student informations are First name, Last name, DOB, Student ID, Mobile, Address and Course enrolled. For the solution to this problem proposed program is to be executed and components are used to write as follows J Frame Swing Components J Table The above components are used in the interface design and each one has its own significance. The java frame is used in designing the whole structure of solution and java table is used to display the information. The swing components are used to add labels, textboxes and buttons. The program is written using NETBEANS Integrated development environment (IDE). NETBEANS is the IDE which provides java based components integrated in it and java based programming can be done. The data structure is used for the displaying purpose is table and there are three functionalities has given to user as insertion, deletion and update. It is the desktop application because it is developed using java standard edition. The windows programming is followed to design this solution. The designing structure is prepared using the form structure and information taken from normal input. The next point is about the implementation of design solution using design tool and programming is done using core java. Java SE Technology NETBEANS Design tool Design implementation: The proposed design solution is implemented by writing code in above mentioned IDE that auto corrects and provides suggestions for further design. The design implementation would be shown in following screenshot. The solution is designed in modules and they are as follows INSERTION UPDATE DELETE DISPLAY The page design is done using swing components and the design structure would be shown in the next screenshot. The design coding is shown in above method as could be seen that label and text fields are added. Design implementation structure is shown in next page. The above screenshot is described the designing and how would the page would be look like. The table structure would be shown in other module information and also the coding would be attached with each page activity. Insertion: The very first module in the proposed software implementation is inserting information into table and the information is taken manually. As shown in above diagram there is a list attached for course enrollment and four options are given. The address field is taken with text area so that if address is in long form can be managed easily. The screenshots are as follows: Page code is shown in this screenshot The insertion activity would be seen in below screen shots: The information is collected and shown in the table below so in this manner insertion is done. Update: The second main feature of this application software is to update the inserted information. And first the row is selected by clicking method and for this purpose mouse click event is implemented in coding that would be shown in below screenshot. In this picture the row has been selected to be updated. Now the Course selected would be changed in below picture As can be seen in above picture record has been changed. The coding of this update page is also attached. Deletion: The last module for the design implementation is to delete the selected row from the table. For this purpose the function is written on the action command of delete button. The function contains a simple command and executed after pressing the button. Now the demonstration is being shown using next picture. In the next picture the selected record would be deleted. In this manner the module implementation is done the above screenshots are attached to make an understanding to the demonstration of software. All above mentioned functions are working properly. The next points cover error handling and object utilization. Error handling control flow structure: The proposed solution does not contain any error handing because the classes implemented in the coding does not throw any critical exception. The control flow structures are used in mouse click event function and executed successfully. The error handing is the main feature of java because it handles the system errors by java runtime environment. It gives java unique feature to run the program and makes it more dynamic. The below screenshots would clear the idea of using it in proposed solution. The error handling in java can be done using different statements as follows Try catch statement Throw key word Throws keyword All three methods of handling the exceptions in java are applied on specific requirement places. For this program the throws exception clause is used so that main function automatically throws it. Test design documentation: Test of software is done at the user extent and the solution is tested from its design to its execution. The white box testing is implemented in this kind of software solution because white box testing is umbrella activity and it runs with each activity of software. The design documentation can be done in two ways first is user and other is technical review. The user can use the proposed solution as shown in screenshots and all activities run independently therefore functions run one by one. The design of software is done to implement different modules as already discussed in detail at the beginning of the report. The technical document contains technology is used in it java and tool for designing the interface and coding as well. The best part of unitizing the IDE NETBEANS is that one should not need to apply effort on the design interface rather the tool provides facility to drag and drop components directly to frame. This approach saves time and effort both. Conclusion: The software solution is developed according to given requirements. The solution to problem is attached with implementation step. The steps are clearly mentioned and described using live running frame. The proposed solution is helpful in small scale record and displaying it but the future scope is vast because the essential information can be utilized in future as well. The solution provided includes detailed information of each module with its demonstration also. The screenshots are attached to demonstrate the software and comments are mentioned to check the functionality described using functional code. The code pages are also attached in the files and each image is described with comments. The goal is achieved so far but if any requirement is not fulfilled than it would be covered in full version to this project. The report is about the design and implementation of principles of java in the program developed and so far all are utilized in it.

Marketing Success Through Differentiation free essay sample

Marketing success through differentiationof anything Any product oi service can he differentiated, even the commodity that seems to differ from competitors offerings only in price Theodore Levitt On television we see product differentiation all the time, whether the subject of the commercial is a distinguishable good like an automobile or an indistinguishable good like laundry detergent. These are packaged products. How does the marketer differentiate a so-called commodity like isopropyl alcohol, strip steel, commercial bank services, or even legal counsel?The author describes the attributes of products that give the marketer opportunity to win the customer from the competition and, having won him, to keep him. Finally, the author describes the alert, imaginative state of mind that characterizes good management of product differentiation. The way in which the manager operates becomes an extension of product differentiation, he says. Mr. Levitt is the Edward W. Carter Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business . We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Success Through Differentiation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page School and head of the marketing area of instruction there. His articles inHBR, which number nearly two dozen, include the well-known Marketing Myopia (published in i960 and reprinted as an HBR Classic in September-October 1975) and Marketing When Things Change (November-December 1977). His most recent book is Marketing foi Business Growth (McGraw-Hill, 1974)- There is no such thing as a commodity. All goods and services are diflferentiable. Though the usual presumption is that this is more true of consumer goods than of industrial goods and services, the opposite is the actual case. In the marketplace, differentiation is everywhere.Everybody-producer, fabricator, seller, broker, agent, merchant—tries constantly to distinguish his offering from all others. This is true even of those who produce and deal in primary metals, grains, chemicals, plastics, and money. Fabricators of consumer and industrial goods seek competitive distinction via product features—some visually or measurably identifiable, some cosmetically implied, and some rhetorically claimed by reference to real or suggested hidden attributes that promise results or values different from those of competitors products.So too with consumer and industrial services— what I call, to be accurate, intangibles. On the commodities exchanges, for example, dealers in metals, grains, and pork bellies trade in totally undifferentiated generic products. But what they sell is the claimed distinction of their execution—the efficiency of their transactions in thir clients behalf, their resp onsiveness to inquiries, the clarity and speed of their confirmations, and the like. In short, the offered product is differentiated, though the generic product is identical.When the generic product is undifferentiated, the offered product makes the difference in getting customers and the delivered product in keeping them. When the knowledgeable senior partner of a wellknown Chicago brokerage firm appeared at a New York City bank in a tight-fitting, lime green polyester suit and Gucci shoes to solicit business in financial instrument futures, the outcome was predictably 84 Harvard Business Review January-February 1980 poor. The unintended offering implied by his sartorial appearance contradicted the intended offering of his carefully prepared presentation.No wonder that Thomas Watson the elder insisted so uncompromisingly that his salesmen be attired in their famous IBM uniforms. While clothes may not make the man, they may help make the sale. The usual presumption about so-called undifferentiated commodities is that they are exceedingly price sensitive. A fractionally lower price gets the business. That is seldom true except in the imagined world of economics textbooks. In the actual world of markets, nothing is exempt from other considerations, even when price competition rages.During periods of sustained surplus, excess capacity, and unrelieved price war, when the attention of all seems riveted on nothing save price, it is precisely because price is visible and measurable, and potentially devastating in its effects, that price deflects attention from the possibilities of extricating the product from ravaging price competition. These possibilities, even in the short run, are not confined simply to nonprice competition, such as harder personal selling, intensified advertising, or whats loosely called more or better services. To see fully what these possibilities are, it is useful first to examine what exactly a product is. Whats a product? Products are almost always combinations of the tangible and the intangible. An automobile is not simply a machine for movement visibly or measurably differentiated by design, size, color, options, horsepower, or miles per gallon. It is also a complex symbol denoting status, taste, rank, achievement, aspiration, and (these days) being smart—that is, buying fuel economy rather than display.

Formal Fused Words

Formal Fused Words Formal Fused Words Formal Fused Words By Mark Nichol Inasmuch as it pains me to say it, notwithstanding my affection for fused words, nevertheless, I encourage readers to use some of the words listed hereinafter sparingly and others not at all. Evolution of the English language includes a process called univerbation (yes, that’s really a word), the combination of a fixed expression of two or more words into a single word. It’s how two nouns are transformed into a closed compound such as lightbulb, or how a phrase such as â€Å"forget me not† coalesces into a noun such as forget-me-not, to represent something new. It’s how phrases like â€Å"young urban professional† are abbreviated to words such as yuppie, and how a portmanteau word like smog is formed. It’s how a verb phrase like â€Å"going to† is slurred to sound like gonna, and how a combination of a preposition and an infinitive such as in and to becomes the preposition into and how three words like not, with, and standing, which in sequence make little sense, are welded together to become a (highly formal) synonym for despite. (Other fused words are still considered invalid, such as the ubiquitous alot and alright and the rarer moreso and eachother, but in centuries to come these will likely be considered standard.) It applies also to when two or three words (sometimes with the aid of another word that remains independent) unite to perform an adverbial function or to serve as a conjunction or as a pronoun. Note, however, that in many cases, these words- though no more venerable than any of the other English vocabulary that has survived for multiple centuries with little change- may be perceived as archaic or at least stuffy. When it comes to the words and phrases listed below, clear communication might be better served by employing a more transparent phrase that represents the same idea. Adverbs Many compound adverbs, such as those beginning with any (anyone, anything, and so on), are entirely acceptable, as is the slightly more formal however, as well as thereafter, therefore, nevertheless, and nonetheless, but the following words may be seen as pedantic: hereinafter: following this part of this document or writing hereinbefore: preceding this part of this document or writing heretofore: up to this time hitherto: up to this time howsoever: in whatever manner, to whatever degree or extent insomuch: to such a degree therein: in that place, thing, or time, or in that particular or respect thereinafter: following the part of that document or writing thereinbefore: preceding the part of that document or writing theretofore: up to that time Conjunctions Some compound conjunctions (such as although) are familiar, but the following might be seen as distractingly formal: albeit: even though forasmuch as: in view of the fact that howbeit: even though inasmuch as: in view of the fact that, or in the degree that insofar: to such degree or extent whensoever: at any or every time wheresoever: anywhere at all Pronouns Whatever, whenever, and so on are everyday words, and whatnot is common though it may be perceived as substandard dialect, but the following are stiff: whatsoever: anything or everything, or no matter what, or anything that might also be mentioned (also an adjective) whosoever: whatever person, or no matter who In summary, with few exceptions (such as nevertheless), consider avoiding words with infixes (words inserted between others to form a single word)- though they are forgivable when used whimsically- and note that even some infix-free fused words (such as therein) may be considered overly formal. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:35 Synonyms for â€Å"Look†Do you "orient" yourself, or "orientate" yourself?40 Synonyms for Praise

Analizes of a case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analizes of a - Case Study Example The company always used outside the box thinking in its business strategies such as buying idle production time from manufacturers in other industries. One of the reasons for the success of the firm in the furniture business was its introduction of self-assembled furniture. This concept help the firm reduce its prices because it eliminated two of the highest cost drivers in the industry which are assembly and delivery. The company’s managerial philosophy is to have an open system in which nobody is superior to others. Input from the employees is always welcomed at IKEA. The management process stressed simplicity and attention to detail. Being cost conscious was also a part of the business culture of the firm. IKEA penetrated the United States marketplace in 1985. In the 1990’s the company was exposed to bad media when a revelation was made to the public that IKEA was dealing with suppliers in Asia that used child labor. Stakeholders Ingvar Kamprad – Founder of th e firm. His values and beliefs are embedded in IKEA’s culture. Using child labor goes against everything he stands for. He does not want to hurt the reputation of the company through a child labor scandal. Marianne Barner – IKEA business area manager for carpets division. She is responsible for finding a solution to the problem. Shareholders – The shareholders of the firm are worried about the problem of child labor because its occurrence will hurt the image and reputation of the company which will negatively impact the price of the common stocks of the company. Asian children – The children population in Asia are at risk due to employment exploitation by IKEA suppliers. The children are the biggest victims in this scandal. Issues By the mid 1990’s the company had grown tremendously. IKEA had 98 stores across 17 countries worldwide. Its supply chain had become extremely complex since the firm had almost 2,300 suppliers. It had become extremely diff icult to monitor the actions of its suppliers. To make things worse those 2,300 suppliers were scattered across 70 countries. The firm was sourcing around 11,200 products. During the 1980’s environmental problems occurred with some of the products IKEA sold. In the 1990’s a new and extremely serious issue occurred as the company was accused of doing business with suppliers that used child labor. Child labor is a growing problem in our society with over 250 million children working in the labor market (Humanium, 2010). IKEA in the 1980’s faced new regulations from the Denmark government that redefine the limits of formaldehyde emissions permissible in product building. At concentration above 0.1 mg/kg in air this material caused watery eyes, headaches, burning sensation in throat, and difficult breathing. The company was fined by the government of Denmark and it was heavily criticized by the media. IKEA sales in the aftermath of this scandal drop by 20% in Denmar k. The company reacted quickly to the problem by establishing stringent requirement regarding formaldehyde levels. At first the problem was not simply to attend since suppliers bought from sub-suppliers that were exposed to formaldehyde. The firm resolved the problem by dealing directly with glue producing chemical companies. A decade later the firm was once again facing issues with formaldehyde in Germany. Its best selling bookcase series had high levels of